1981 -1993 US & British companies are among several Western firms that sell Iraq materials that can be used to develop nuclear, chemical, biological, & conventional weapons. They do not dare lose control of Iraq, regardless of costs in lives & dollars. British Royal Commission, agreeing with Winston Churchill's policy towards Iraq, in 1913 We must become the owners, or at any rate the controllers at the source, of at least a proportion of the oil which we require' - obviously, almost a hundred years before the Bloody Bush Administration, Iraq's resources & military position was a concern to the world:
1981 - 1988 The Reagan administration provides covert support to Iraq in an effort to prevent Iran from overrunning the oil - rich states of the Persian Gulf. [New York Times; Washington Post; The Nation] In June, 1982, President Reagan decided that the United States could not afford to allow Iraq to lose the war to Iran. Reagan decided that the United States would do whatever was necessary to prevent Iraq from losing the war with Iran. The Times Sources: Teicher Affidavit
US Air Force officers are secretly deployed to Iraq to assist their counterparts in the Iraqi military. [The Nation]
The US provides satellite photography to Iraq revealing the movements of the Iranian forces. [New York Times; Washington Post
The US provides Iraq with intelligence gathered by Saudi-owned AWACS operated by the Pentagon. [The Nation]
Iraq uses US-supplied military intelligence 'to calibrate attacks with mustard gas on Iranian ground troops....' Washington Post
'[M]ore than 60 officers of the Defense Intelligence Agency .... secretly ... [provide] detailed information on Iranian deployments, tactical planning for battles, plans for airstrikes & bomb-damage assessments for Iraq.' President Reagan & Vice President George Bush personally deliver military advice to Saddam Hussein, both directly & through intermediaries. [Washington Post Sources: Teicher Affidavit]
US closely monitors '3rd country arms sales to Iraq to make sure Iraq [has] the military weaponry required.' Washington Post,: Teicher Affidavit
According to the censured portion of Iraq's December 7, 2002 declaration to the UN, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory & Sandia National Laboratories help train Iraqi nuclear weapons scientists & provide nonfissile material for Iraq's nuclear weapons program. [San Francisco Chronicle]
1983 Secretary of Commerce Howard Baldridge & Secretary of State George Shultz successfully lobby the National Security Council (NSC) advisor to approve the sale of 10 Bell helicopters to Iraq in spite of objections from other NSC members. These same helicopters are later used in 1988 to deploy poison gas against Iranians & possibly the Kurds. [Washington; Phythian]
1983 The Reagan administration approves the sale of 60 civilian Hughes helicopters to Iraq, even though it is widely understood that the helicopters can be weaponized with little effort. Critics will regard the sale as military aid cloaked as civilian assistance. [Phythian]
November 26, 1984 The United States Government re-establishes full diplomatic ties with Baghdad even though it is fully aware that Iraq has been using chemical weapons in its war against Iran. [Gwertzman; National Security Archive]
September 22 1980 - Border dispute between Iran & Iraq escalates into full-scale war - 17 individual shipments, 80 batches of biomaterial, two batches of anthrax, two batches of botulism, one batch each of salmonella & E.Coli, West Nile fever, brucella melitensis, biological warfare-related materials, missile fabrication equipment missile system guidance equipment & missile delivery system development programs were sent to the Iraqi by the USA sundayherald.com
October 1, 1984 - October 13, 1993 The Reagan & Bush administrations' commerce departments allow US companies & the US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention to export chemical & biological agents as well as other dual-use items to Iraq. An October report revealed that the 'microorganisms exported by the United States were identical to those the United Nations inspectors found & removed from the Iraqi biological warfare program.'
May 2, 1986 Two batches each of bacillus anthracis & bacterium clostridium botulinum are shipped from the US to the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education. [Sunday Herald]
August 31, 1987 One batch each of salmonella & E coli is sent to the Iraqi State Company for Drug Industries with the approval of the US Department of Commerce. [Sunday Herald ]
January 1988 - February 1988 The US Commerce Department allows the export of equipment to Iraq for its SCUD missile program, allowing the Iraqis to increase the range of its SCUD missiles. Committee on Government Operations, House, Strengthening the Export Licensing System,
March 1988 - According to several accounts, Iraq uses US - supplied Bell helicopters to deploy chemical weapons during its campaign to recapture lost territories in its war with Iran.
July 18, 1990 - August 1, 1990 The Senior Bush administration's Commerce Department approves $4.8 million in sales of advanced technology products to Iraq's 'MIMI' & 'Saad 16' research centers. 'MIMI' is known to be a development facility for chemical, biological, & nuclear weapons programs & 'Saad 16' is known to be involved in the development of chemical & nuclear weapons [Committee on Government Operations, House, 'Strengthening the Export Licensing System' cited in Hurd & Rangwala 12/12/2001]
1992 The last shipment of Clostridium Botulinum, a source of botulinum toxin, is sent to Iraq. [Sunday Herald]
March 1992 Iraq receives its last shipment of US Pralidoxine from the US - an antidote to nerve gas which can also be reverse engineered to create actual nerve gas.